Gemer Tablet (Extended Release)
Tablet (Extended Release)
Sun Pharmaceutical Ltd.Generic:
Glimepiride + MetforminWeight:
1 mg+500 mgbest Price:
৳ 8.50Generic
Glimepiride + Metformin
Pharmacology
Glimepiride is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent which decreases blood glucose concentration. The primary mechanism of action of Glimepiride appears to be dependent on stimulating the release of insulin from functioning pancreatic beta cells. Glimepiride acts in concert with glucose by improving the sensitivity of beta cells to physiological glucose stimulus, resulting in insulin secretion. In addition, extrapancreatic effects like reduction of basal hepatic glucose production, increased peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake may also play role in the activity of Glimepiride. In non-fasting diabetic patients, the hypoglycaemic action of a single dose of Glimepiride persists for 24 hours. Metformin Hydrochloride is a biguanide type oral antihyperglycemic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes. It lowers both basal and postprandial plasma glucose. Its mechanism of action is different from those of sulfonylureas and it does not produce hypoglycemia. Metformin Hydrochloride decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity by an increase in peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.
Dosage Administration
The dosage of this tablet is governed by the desired blood glucose level. The dosage of this tablet must be the lowest which is sufficient to achieve the desired metabolic control. During treatment with this tablet glucose levels in blood and urine must be measured regularly. Mistakes, e.g. forgetting to take a dose, must never be corrected by subsequently taking a larger dose. As an improvement in control of diabetes is, in itself, associated with higher insulin sensitivity, glimepiride requirements may fall as treatment proceeds. To avoid hypoglycaemia timely dose reduction or cessation of this tablet therapy must therefore be considered. The highest recommended dose per day should be 8 mg of glimepiride and 2000 mg of metformin. In order to avoid hypoglycaemia the starting dose of this tablet should not exceed the daily doses of glimepiride or metformin already being taken. When switching from combination therapy of glimepiride plus metformin as separate tablets, this combination should be administered on the basis of dosage currently being taken.
Contraindications
For Glimepiride- In patients hypersensitive to glimepiride, metformin, other sulfonylureas, other sulfonamides, or any of the excipients of Amaryl M. In pregnant women. In breastfeeding women. No experience has been gained concerning the use of glimepiride in patients with severe impairment of liver function and in dialysis patients. In patients with severe impairment of hepatic function, change-over to insulin is indicated, not least to achieve optimal metabolic control. For Metformin- Hypersensitivity to metformin or any of the excipients. Any type of acute metabolic acidosis such as lactic acidosis Diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic pre-coma. Severe Renal failure or renal disfunction (e.g., serum creatine levels >135 μmol/L in males and >110 μmol/L in females), GFR < 30 mL/min. Acute conditions with the potential to alter renal function such as Dehydration, severe infection, intravascular administration of iodinated contrast agents etc. Acute or chronic disease which may cause tissue hypoxia such as cardiac or respiratory failure, recent myocardial infarction, shock Hepatic insufciency. Acute alcohol intoxication, alcoholism. Lactation.
Side Effects
For Glimepiride: Metabolism and nutrition disorders- As a result of the blood-glucose-lowering action of glimepiride, Hypoglycaemia which may also be prolonged. The clinical picture of a severe hypoglycaemic attack may resemble that of a stroke. Eye disorders: Especially at the start of treatment, there may be temporary visual impairment due to the change in blood glucose levels. The cause is a temporary alteration in the turgidity and hence the refractive index of the lens, this being dependent on blood glucose level. Gastrointestinal disorders- Occasionally, Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sensations of pressure or fulness in the epigastrium, abdominal pain and diarrhea may occur. In isolated cases, there may be hepatitis, elevation of liver enzyme levels and/or cholestasis and jaundice, which may progress to life-threatening liver failure. Dysgeusia (frequency not known) Blood and lymphatic system disorders- Changes in the blood picture may occur: Rarely, thrombocytopenia and, in isolated cases, leucopenia, hemolytic anemia, erythrocytopenia, granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis or pancytopenia may develop. Cases of severe thrombocytopenia with platelet count less than 10,000/μl and thrombocytopenic purpura have been reported in post-marketing experience (frequency not known). Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Alopecia (frequency not known) General disorders- Occasionally, Allergic or pseudo allergic reactions may occur, e.g. in the form of itching, urticaria or rashes. Such mild reactions may develop into serious reactions with dyspnoea and a fall in blood pressure, sometimes progressing to shock. In isolated cases, a decrease in serum sodium concentration and allergic vasculitis or hypersensitivity of the skin to light may occur. Investigations: Glimepiride, like all sulfonylureas, can cause weight gain (frequency not known) For Metformin: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and loss of appetite (>10%) are very common. These occur most frequently during initiation of therapy and resolve spontaneously in most cases. Metallic taste (3%) is common Decrease of vitamin B12 absorption with decrease of serum levels has been observed in patients treated long-term with metformin and appears generally to be without clinical signifcance (<0.01%). However, Cases of peripheral neuropathy in patients with vitamin B12 defciency have been reported in post-marketing experience (frequency not known). (frequency unknown) Lactic acidosis (0.03 cases/1000 patient-years) is very rare Hemolytic anemia (frequency unknown) Reduction of thyrotropin level in patients with hypothyroidism (frequency unknown) Hypomagnesemia in the context of diarrhea (frequency unknown) Encephalopathy (frequency unknown) Photosensitivity (frequency unknown) Hepatobiliary disorders: Reports of liver function tests abnormalities and hepatitis resolving upon metformin discontinuation
Pregnancy And Lactation
Pregnancy- For Glimepiride: Glimepiride must not be taken during pregnancy. Otherwise, there is risk of harm to the child. The patient must change over to insulin during pregnancy. Patients planning a pregnancy must inform their physician. It is recommended that such patients change over to insulin. For Metformin: When the patient plans to become pregnant and during pregnancy, diabetes should not be treated with metformin but insulin should be used to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible in order to lower the risk of fetal malformations associated with abnormal blood glucose levels. Lactation- For Glimepiride: To prevent possible ingestion with the breast milk and possible harm to the child, glimepiride must not be taken by breast-feeding women. If necessary the patient must change over to insulin, or must stop breastfeeding. For Metformin: Metformin is excreted into milk in lactating rats. Similar data is not available in humans and a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue metformin, taking into account the importance of the compound to the mother.
Therapeutic
Children: Data is insufficient to recommend pediatric use of this tablet. Renal impairment: A GFR should be assessed before initiation of treatment with metformin-containing products and at least annually thereafter. In patients at increased risk of further progression of renal impairment and in the elderly, renal function should be assessed more frequently, e.g. every 3-6 months. The maximum daily dose of metformin should preferably be divided into 2-3 daily doses. Factors that may increase the risk of lactic acidosis should be reviewed before considering the initiation of metformin in patients with GFR<60 mL/min. If no adequate strength of this tablet is available, individual monocomponents should be used instead of the fixed dose combination. GFR 60-89 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 3000 mg. Dose reduction may be considered in relation to declining renal function. Glimepiride: The highest recommended dose per day should be 8 mg of glimepiride. GFR 45-59 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 2000 mg. The starting dose is at most half of the maximum dose. GFR 30-44 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 1000 mg. The starting dose is at most half of the maximum dose. GFR <30 ml/min: Metformin: Metformin is contraindicated Glimepiride: Change-over to insulin is indicated, not least to achieve optimal metabolic control.
Storage Conditions
Children: Data is insufficient to recommend pediatric use of this tablet. Renal impairment: A GFR should be assessed before initiation of treatment with metformin-containing products and at least annually thereafter. In patients at increased risk of further progression of renal impairment and in the elderly, renal function should be assessed more frequently, e.g. every 3-6 months. The maximum daily dose of metformin should preferably be divided into 2-3 daily doses. Factors that may increase the risk of lactic acidosis should be reviewed before considering the initiation of metformin in patients with GFR<60 mL/min. If no adequate strength of this tablet is available, individual monocomponents should be used instead of the fixed dose combination. GFR 60-89 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 3000 mg. Dose reduction may be considered in relation to declining renal function. Glimepiride: The highest recommended dose per day should be 8 mg of glimepiride. GFR 45-59 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 2000 mg. The starting dose is at most half of the maximum dose. GFR 30-44 ml/min: Metformin: Maximum daily dose is 1000 mg. The starting dose is at most half of the maximum dose. GFR <30 ml/min: Metformin: Metformin is contraindicated Glimepiride: Change-over to insulin is indicated, not least to achieve optimal metabolic control.
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